Separation anxiety is one of the most common behavioral concerns pet owners face—especially in dogs, but also in some cats. Pets experiencing separation anxiety may exhibit destructive behaviors, vocalize excessively, or even engage in self-harming actions. While distressing, this condition is highly manageable with the right support.

In this post, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available to help your pet feel more confident and secure when home alone.

Concerned about your pet’s anxiety? Contact Oliver Animal Hospital for expert guidance

What Is Separation Anxiety?

Separation anxiety occurs when a pet becomes highly stressed in the absence of their owner or primary caregiver. While commonly associated with dogs, cats can also suffer from this condition.

Pets are more likely to develop separation anxiety if they’ve:

  • Experienced recent changes (a move, new family member, or loss of a companion)
  • Been rehomed, adopted from a shelter, or had limited early independence
  • Lacked exposure to being alone during key socialization periods

Learn more from the ASPCA

How to Recognize Separation Anxiety

Common Signs in Dogs

  • Whining, barking, or howling when alone
  • Chewing furniture or scratching doors
  • Pacing or restlessness
  • House soiling despite previous training

Common Signs in Cats

  • Excessive vocalizing (meowing or yowling)
  • Overgrooming or fur pulling
  • Litter box avoidance
  • Destructive scratching or clingy behavior before departure

More on canine behavior: Merck Veterinary Manual

What Causes Separation Anxiety?

1. Early Socialization & Developmental Factors

Pets that lacked structured alone-time during puppyhood or kittenhood may struggle with independence later on. This can include those weaned too early or raised without consistent human interaction.

Explore AVMA’s guidance on early socialization

2. Environmental Changes or Stressors

Significant life transitions can trigger or worsen anxiety, such as:

  • Moving to a new home
  • Changes in household routine (e.g., return to office after remote work)
  • Departure or loss of a companion—human or animal

3. Genetic Disposition

Some dog breeds are more prone to anxiety, including:

  • Labrador Retrievers
  • Border Collies
  • German Shepherds
  • Cocker Spaniels

Managing Separation Anxiety: Proven Strategies

1. Behavior Modification

Desensitization

Gradually accustom your pet to being alone by increasing the time you’re away:

  • Begin with a few minutes and increase slowly
  • Stay calm during departures and arrivals to reduce emotional spikes

Counterconditioning

Help your pet associate alone time with positive experiences:

  • Offer a long-lasting treat (like a frozen Kong) before leaving
  • Leave behind a blanket or shirt with your scent

2. Environmental Enrichment

Keeping pets mentally and physically engaged while you’re away reduces anxiety:

  • Use puzzle feeders and treat-dispensing toys
  • Provide access to windows, cat trees, or safe outdoor views
  • Rotate toys and offer pre-departure play sessions

DIY Enrichment:

3. Exercise & Routine

  • A consistent daily schedule helps pets feel secure
  • Engage in active play or walks before leaving to reduce pent-up energy
  • Use predictable routines for feeding and rest times

More ideas from Guide Dogs UK

When to Seek Veterinary Support

Behavioral training is essential—but in more severe cases, professional intervention is needed. Contact your veterinarian if:

  • Your pet’s anxiety doesn’t improve with training
  • Destructive or self-harming behaviors are present
  • The anxiety affects your pet’s physical or emotional health

Cat owners: Learn more at the Indoor Pet Initiative

Veterinary Treatment Options

  • Prescription medications: Fluoxetine, trazodone, or clomipramine may be recommended for short- or long-term use
  • Supplements & calming aids: Options include L-theanine, pheromone diffusers, or CBD products

All medications should be prescribed under veterinary supervision and paired with behavior modification techniques.

Reach out to Oliver Animal Hospital for guidance

Preventing Separation Anxiety Early

In Puppies & Kittens

  • Gradually introduce short periods of alone time
  • Use crate training or quiet areas to foster independence
  • Expose young pets to a variety of people, environments, and sounds

Set your pet up for success with AVSAB

Encourage Positive Associations

  • Keep departures low-key
  • Reward calm behavior, not anxious reactions
  • Practice brief, structured absences regularly

More behavior tips from AAHA

Separation anxiety is a treatable condition—and you don’t have to navigate it alone. With the right combination of training, enrichment, and veterinary support, you can help your pet feel secure and confident while you’re away.

Schedule a consultation at Oliver Animal Hospital to build a tailored care plan for your pet.